Having arrived from Libau (Liepāja) in Kurland and Frauenburg (Saldus) in Latvia (ca. 1885), the Rubinstein's move to Kristiania (Norway) a week after the wedding, where they have 5 children (b. 1907-13); Salomon “Solly”, Isidor, Elsa, Willy and David

Ida arrived from a shtetl outside Riga in Latvia in 1897 and Benjamin from Klikoln in Lithuania in 1910, the Koklins have 5 children (b. 1916-25); Charles, Gitel, Ruth “Lillemor”, Julius and Emil. They initially settle in Kragerø, but later move to Nordstrand (near Kristiania)

after a lengthy (antisemitic) bureaucratic process. He established the London-Basaren (like a Poundshop today) and was the Chair of the Synagogue building committee 1920-21 (d. 1931). Isidor boarded 5 years with family friends in Frankfurt am Main, Solly moved to South Africa in 1933, Willy studied law

a city of around 10,000 inhabitants (highest % Jews in the country) 60 miles SSW, where they established and managed retail shops specialising in hosiery (knitted goods).

He is sentenced to 6 months in prison in Germany after being caught smuggling goods for the family friends in Frankfurt. He is released on 28th August and makes his way back to Oslo where he arrives on 1st September and meets Lillemor at the celebrations organised by the Jewish Youth Organisation

9/4: Protecting the fleeing King and government, the Norwegian Army managed to repulse and delay the Germans until they could join up with British and French forces in the north. 29/4: The King and part of his government boarded HMS Glasgow and established a government in Exile from London

Charles is dismissed as accountant. 16/3: Lillemor and Willy marry, 19/4: Isidor is arrested for attempting to flee to Scotland, and sentenced to 3.5 years in a German prison. 6/9: Willy’s license to practice law is withdrawn, and 15/11: Charles and Willy flee to Sweden

19/1: Isidor arrives prison in Germany, Solly fights under Montgomery in North-Africa. 7/6: Lillemor flees to Sweden and is reunited with Willy. 18/9: David flees to Sweden, Solly is captured by the Italians. 26/10: Benjamin, Julius and Emil are arrested, 26/11: Together with Ida they are deported with SS Donau and the parents are gassed on 1/12 on arrival in Auschwitz. Gitel, Elsa and Rebecca flee to Sweden

Jan: Emil and Julius die of frost and exhaustion in Auschwitz Monowitz. Lillemor works for the Norwegian underground in Stockholm. 8/4: Willy flies to London, 26/4: Harry (my father) is born in Sweden. 12/5: Isidor is moved to Auschwitz Monowitz. Oct: David is arrested for espionage in Sweden and sentenced to a year in prison

6/6: D-Day. 3/10: David is released and expelled from Sweden to England. 21/11: Elsa flies to London

18/1: Isidor departs on the death march from Auschwitz, and is murdered on the way 27/3. 8/5: Peace in Norway. 30/5: Willy flies to Bergen to administer a military depot. 10/12: Willy and Lillemor are reunited in Oslo